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The Hidden Agenda of the News Media - 1337 Words

The Hidden Agenda of the News Media People use many different sources in order to gain knowledge about current events. In America, historically, mass media and television have been the most dominant sources for information. Over the last decade, internet-based news sites and talk-radio shows have emerged as viable alternatives to the traditional media. While, obviously, the latest forms of news media are very different from their â€Å"elder† counterparts regarding the conveyance of the information, they share some of the same issues regarding the reporting of the news. News coverage can be, and usually is, influenced by many factors including, but not limited to: personal political ideology, religion, culture, and economics. The†¦show more content†¦Maybe the writer seems to think that the â€Å"provocative images† of the two boys â€Å"walking arm-in-arm† would stir up emotions and lead to more â€Å"violence in the region.† Arutz SHEVA The Arutz SHEVA article, written by International Affairs Correspondent Michael Freund, is blatantly subjective. The headline: â€Å"PA Terrorists Threaten Pop Star Madonna,† immediately places the blame on the Palestinian Authority. Freund cites the â€Å"UK daily The Sun† report that Madonna â€Å"received a series of ‘poison-pen letters’ from Palestinian Authority-based Arab terrorists in which they threatened to kill her and her two young children if she went ahead with the concerts in Israel.† (Freund’s source for his information is the â€Å"London tabloid† cited in the AP story in The Straits Times.) Freund goes on to quote The Sun’s anonymous source as saying that Madonna was determined to go ahead with the concerts, but, after receiving these â€Å"unbelievably scary† notes, she â€Å"freaked out when her kids were mentioned.† Freund uses quotes from The Sun to describe Madonna as a â€Å"strong woman† who â€Å"was not ready to take chances with her kids—they are her whole world.† Some of the terms and phrases used in this story are intended to appeal to the emotions of the reader. This story about a â€Å"strong woman† receiving â€Å"unbelievably scary† notes threatening her small children, who are â€Å"her whole world,† makes the reader feel sympathy towards MadonnaShow MoreRelatedThe Destruction Of The Human Race1437 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Race The influence of media in today’s world is having a negative impact on humanity. Today the media is more powerful than ever, not only in America but also globally. Media is everywhere in an abundance of people’s lives. Daily newspapers are being delivered to the front door, twenty-four-hour news channels and radio stations are broadcast in homes and businesses, and multiple social media outlets are available in the palms of people’s hands. Within seconds, news travels from the other sideRead MoreMedi Bending The Truth938 Words   |  4 Pages Media : Bending The Truth Most of all Americans get their news in one form or another, and with the introduction of smartphones and other technology to our daily life, receiving news has never been easier and more accessible. However, not all media outlets are equal. Many news media outlets contain bias and opinions. Some bias can be subtle, while other propaganda can be extremely obvious. Spotting the propaganda is not always easy, however it is important to know the difference between fact andRead MoreThe And New Zealand Media Essay1329 Words   |  6 PagesThis essay will demonstrate how both American and New Zealand media outlets shape and filter all their stories and decide what people see and think about, and how to think about certain stories; also known as ‘Agenda Setting’. New Zealand and America interpret news completely differently, what is important in America may have zero relevance to New Zealand media and vis versa. Agenda-setting is more obvious in the New York times, they report on specific events to endorse and highlight events orRead MorePublic Private Divide Structure The Priorities Of Human Rights Issues1110 Words   |  5 Pagesgovernments, most always has a hidden agenda when they choose what issues to privatize and what issues to publicize. American troops tend to ignore private issues such as domestic abuse and women’s education in Afghanistan because these issues are seen as private issues; however, when there is something to gain from interfering it becomes a public issue. Sharbat Gula is a young Afghan girl who for seventeen years was only a picture, lacking a name and a story in the American media. Seventeen years laterRead MoreHow Media Influences The Minds Of All Who Consume It1569 Words   |  7 Pagestext, meaning they are able to dissect the text and come to their own conclusions. On the contrary, a Passive audience member simply soaks up all information shown to them in a media text without any user interaction, just as the creator of the media form intended. Different scholars have differing theories on how the media influences the minds of all who consume it, and it is impossible to tell which theory is correct. However most theorists agree that one theory may fit one audience member, butRead MoreMedi Scientific Articles Versus Socially And Politically Motivated Biased Articles1204 Words   |  5 Pagesthis paper, I will be analyzing two types of media: Scientific articles versus socially and politically motivated, biased articles. This paper’s intended audience are my fellow ENC1101 students. This paper will challenge students to do further research then what they see after one search before forming an opinion on a subject. The audience of my paper will be aware of the subject, as the topic has been in the news in ad nauseam over social media, news outlets, newspapers, and personal conversationRead MoreMedia And Its Influence On The Public1646 Words   |  7 PagesNot only is the interest of the owners of large companies pushed out to the public, but also the interest of the companies who pay these media companies in advertising to citizens to sell their goods. Advertising is an important influence in what the public sees in media and has a direct influence on the public’s interest in the product (Rinallo, Basuray; 2009). Companies such as Nike and Coca-Cola can pay networks such as ABC and FOX large sums of money to advertise their companies through theirRead Moreyears and years the world has been blinded by the evils in society. There are three main matters1100 Words   |  5 Pagesyears and years the world has been blinded by the evils in society. There are three main matters that shade us from the truth every day. These are corruption/greed, media t akeover, and ignorance. Corruption is one of the worst evils to enter society; it has seemed to become a type of faith on its own. The way it is evil is that corruption has blinded society by the way we think and act, it allows people in society to think that doing evil things is an ok thing to do. The reason corruption has changedRead MoreAnalysis Of Stanley Cohen s Folk Devils And Moral Panics 1438 Words   |  6 PagesUniversity of Essex in the 60s, developed the concept of Moral Panic as a way to describe the media coverage of the violence that spawned between two rival youth gangs (the Mods and the Rockers) and to explain the following societal reaction to that era’s adolescent sub-culture. Since then the term has been regularly used in the media to refer to all sorts of anti-social and criminal behaviours.The use of media can create unnecessary panic about a range of different subjects, one of the most popularRead MoreEssay on The News Media1022 Words   |  5 PagesThe News Media Being objective has been an unrealistic ethic that defines the news media. Fallows agues that journalism and the news has provided largely entertainment fluff and has virtually selected unthinking news communicated to the American people; and Paenti agrees and states that the Media is big business and therefore is not independent, objective, neutral, informative, balanced, and truthful. Their ideas may seem outlandish and farfetched, but it is the fact of life for the media

Pantene free essay sample

Professor John Kennedy prepared this case solely to provide material for class discussion. The author does not intend to illustrate either effective or ineffective handling of a managerial situation. The author may have disguised certain names and other identifying information to protect confidentiality. Ivey Management Services prohibits any form of reproduction, storage or transmittal without its written permission. Reproduction of this material is not covered under authorization by any reproduction rights organization. To order copies or request permission to reproduce materials, contact Ivey Publishing, Ivey Management Services, c/o Richard Ivey School of Business, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 3K7; phone (519) 661-3208; fax (519) 661-3882; e-mail [emailprotected] uwo. ca. Copyright  © 1999, Ivey Management Services Version: (A) 2010-01-13 We are working to do a more effective job in globalizing our products. Currently, this involves five kinds of activities. First, while it is not always possible, we are focusing on the development of products that have global potential. Second, when a product is first introduced in a specific country market, we ask the people developing the marketing strategy to incorporate whenever possible into their strategy development the concept that it should ‘travel well’ to other countries. Third, when we take a product that is successful in one country and begin to introduce it in other countries, we push our people to avoid the ‘not invented here syndrome. ’ Fourth, you can lose competitive advantage if you are slow in getting a successful product into all the markets you serve. Therefore, we are taking steps to shorten the time period in which a successful product gets introduced across our operations. The final activity is an area that has become increasingly important to us. It is the development of a communication network that enables brand people in one country to learn quickly about successful marketing innovations in other countries. – John E. Pepper, president of the Procter Gamble Co. THE PROCTER GAMBLE CO. In 1990, the Procter Gamble Co. was a century and a half old organization headquartered in Cincinnati, Ohio. The founding product line was soap. Over the years the company’s product offerings had grown, through both internal development and corporate acquisitions until, in 1990, the product line included brands in numerous categories: laundry, cleaning, paper, diapers, feminine protection, hair care, beauty care, food, beverages and over-the-counter drugs. The firm had expanded geographically as well, particularly in recent decades. In 1990, there were major Procter Gamble operations in 46 countries outside the United States, and PG brands were sold in more than 140 countries. The company sales for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1990 were $24. 1 billion, up 13 per cent over the previous year. Earnings were $1,602 million, up 33 per cent. This document is authorized for use only in GMBASG/Brand Management by Prof. Vivek Bali at SP Jain School of Global Management from February 2014 to June 2014. Page 2 9A99A038 THE HISTORY OF THE PANTENE BRAND Hoffman-LaRoche The Pantene brand grew out of research efforts in the early 1940s by Swiss scientists working for the pharmaceutical firm Hoffman-LaRoche. As part of their research, they discovered that a material with the name Panthenol actually penetrated the hair cuticle (outer layer) to improve the strength, elasticity and moisturization of hair. Pantene Hair Tonic, the first of what would become a narrow line of hair-care products, was introduced into the European consumer market in 1946. They were positioned as high-priced â€Å"treatment† products for both men and women, and were available only in a limited number of upscale outlets. The line quickly gained a reputation for excellence. Demand by Americans who had discovered the products while travelling in Europe led to the importation of the line to the United States in the early 1960s. The first retailer to carry the line was the pharmacy in New York’s Waldorf-Astoria hotel. This was quickly followed by distribution in upscale department stores such as Saks Fifth Avenue and Neiman Marcus. During the 1960s and 1970s, the product line was extended. Rather interestingly, shampoo, the product with the largest market potential, was not added to the product line until 1971. Distribution of the Pantene line was expanded geographically as Hoffman-LaRoche extended its operations to additional countries. However, the vast majority of sales continued to come from Europe and North America. In the 1960s a professional line1 was developed and sold in several European countries. The line was successful initially, but strong competitive pressures led to its discontinuation in the late 1970s. In 1976, Hoffman-LaRoche shortened the product line, repackaged it, and launched a print campaign. In the United States, this resulted in Pantene becoming the number one brand in department stores. Late in the 1970s, distribution was broadened by adding selective mass market drug chains: Walgreen’s, Long’s and Osco, where premium prices of $6. 00 to $17. 50 (per eight ounce/240 millilitre) per item were maintained. Richardson-Vicks Inc. Richardson-Vicks Inc. , a U. S. -based packaged goods firm, acquired Pantene from Hoffman-LaRoche in January 1983. Following an extensive review of the line, the decision was made by Richardson-Vicks to test the viability of moving the line from a high price, selective distribution one, to a lower priced mass market one. The concept of a Pantene line with lower retail prices, broadened distribution, and support from increased media spending was tested with shampoo and conditioner in two western U. S. states in 1984/1985. The test was very successful, and a national launch plan was in the process of development when the company was purchased by Procter Gamble in September 1985. Procter Gamble Inc. Procter Gamble continued with the development of the planning for Pantene and, in January 1986, began shipping to the U. S.  trade improved formulas of the shampoo and conditioner as part of a new line called â€Å"Pantene Prestige. † These products were phased into all major drug chains, mass merchandisers and selected food stores during the spring of 1986. At the same time, the Pantene line was phased out of department stores. Good distribution was obtained in the drug trade. There was much less success in 1 A line sold to and through beauty salons. This document is authorized for use only in G MBASG/Brand Management by Prof. Vivek Bali at SP Jain School of Global Management from February 2014 to June 2014. At the same time, many drug retailers in the United States priced Pantene Prestige at a premium, taking higher margins as a tradeoff for lower volume. This left North American pricing consistent with Pantene pricing in most other parts of the world. TAIWAN The island of Taiwan, 395 kilometres long and 142 kilometres wide, is by far the largest of the 86 islands that make up the country of Taiwan. Sixty per cent of the island is mountainous, and only about one quarter of the land is considered arable. The estimated 1990 country population of 20. 6 million people was almost entirely Chinese by origin, and was concentrated in the western and northern coastal fringes. Exhibit 1 provides information on the Taiwanese population by age group and gender. Taipei, the capital city, had a 1990 population of about 2. 6 million people, with an estimated further three million in adjacent communities. The next three largest cities, Kaohsiung, Taichung and Tainan, had a combined population of approximately 2. 8 million people. Ninety-three per cent of the population was literate. The country had enjoyed very high levels of economic growth over a period of many years. Unemployment figures were low at 1. 5 to 1. 7 per cent. The projected real year change in gross domestic product for 1990 was 5. 3 per cent. GNP per head for the same year was projected at US$7,990. Exhibit 2 shows that there had been substantial equity in the distribution of the large economic gains made in the country in the previous two decades. PROCTER GAMBLE IN TAIWAN Procter Gamble Taiwan started out in 1985 as a joint venture between PG and a local company, the Namchow Chemical Company. The joint venture was known as Modern Home Products. Namchow gave PG access to factories, an established sales and distribution network, and market knowledge and local contacts vital to doing business in a new market. Brands introduced during the first four years of operation included Pampers, Safe Free, Camay, Ivory and Joy. While sales volume grew significantly over these four years, the operation was not a profitable one. Towards the end of that time period, the PG American parent was shifting from a local focus to an increasingly global strategy. At the same time, Namchow had developed a new interest in other markets. Subsequently, the joint venture was dissolved in early 1990 with PG’s purchase of Namchow’s 50 per cent holding, and Procter Gamble Taiwan Ltd. was born. THE TAIWAN HAIR CARE MARKET The Taiwan hair care market in 1990 was a large one, with a shampoo market size of an estimated 10 million litres, and a conditioner market estimated at 1. 25 million litres. Market growth was forecast at three per cent per annum for the next few years, then tapering off to two per cent per annum. An early 1990 Habits and Practices study had determined that the previous three months usage of shampoo was 96 per cent — almost everyone used shampoo to wash their hair. This was twice the 47 per cent of people who had used a conditioner in the same time period. The average wash frequency was about 3. 5 times a week, with 89 per cent of respondents reporting an evening wash habit. Like the hair care markets in many other countries, there was frequent brand switching, especially among younger females. This document is authorized for use only in GMBASG/Brand Management by Prof. Vivek Bali at SP Jain School of Global Management from February 2014 to June 2014. Page 4 9A99A038 In terms of purchase habits, 43 per cent of consumers bought their shampoos in supermarkets, and 23 per cent in discount stores which were, for the most part, single-unit medium-sized operations. It was expected that the supermarket share would increase with the completion of a number of announced hypermarches, and that share of the discount stores would drop. Twenty-nine per cent of retail sales were made in government-related PX channels. There were three of these channels: military, federal government, and city government-based operations which were run like cooperatives and which sold only to members. This part of the market carried a limited number of brands and sizes, and used bargaining power to enable them to command price cuts of 20 to 25 per cent relative to other forms of distribution, which were called the â€Å"open† market. Retail margins were 18 to 19 per cent in the open market, compared to approximately two per cent in the PX market. A relatively small proportion of the market was serviced by wholesalers, who worked on margins of nine per cent, including a one per cent cash discount. The market differed from many other markets, including the North American one, in that there was no consumer or trade promotional activity. The shampoo market was very fragmented, with only four brands having more than a five per cent market share in early 1990. Based on Usage data, only Head Shoulders with seven per cent and Pert with 11 per cent had more than five per cent â€Å"Most Often Used Brand† levels. The leading firm in the shampoo market was Kao, a subsidiary of a Japanese firm, with a 25 per cent share of the market, made up of one of the four market share leaders and a multitude of other brands. Kao was also the leading firm in the conditioner market. Procter Gamble had first entered the hair-care market in 1986, with the introduction of Head Shoulders, which was positioned as an anti-dandruff shampoo. This was followed in 1987 with the introduction of Pert, the first two-in-one shampoo in the market, and positioned as providing soft smooth hair. Both Colgate Palmolive and Lever entered the Taiwan market through joint ventures about this time, and Lux’s first hair-care brand came on the market in 1988. Following the introduction of Pert, the two-inone shampoo segment grew rapidly, spurred by the entry of several new two-in-one brands, including Kao Sifone with a â€Å"soft smooth hair† positioning, and the very recent two-in-one line extension for Lux shampoo with a â€Å"shiny hair† positioning communicated via a celebrity endorsement. By early 1990, the two-in-one segment represented 25 per cent of the market. At the same time, Procter Gamble had grown to second position in the market with an overall company share of 18 per cent. While product sizes were not standardized, the most popular sizes were quite closely grouped around 200 millilitre and 400 millilitre sizes. THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PANTENE CONCEPT IN TAIWAN John Lee, marketing manager for hair care products in 1989, commented, While we were pleased with our early success in the market place, we were looking for products, particularly in the two-in-one segment, that could grow us into number one in hair care. A Taiwan Habits Practices study (see Exhibit 3) showed that shiny hair and healthy hair (gives nutrition to hair, protects hair from split ends) were top hair-care attributes. Given that other key attributes — anti-dandruff and softeners/smoothness — were already addressed by Head Shoulders and Pert, we concluded that a positioning using shiny and healthy attributes, combined with two-in-one technology, could be a unique one. This document is authorized for use only in GMBASG/Brand Management by Prof. Vivek Bali at SP Jain School of Global Management from February 2014 to June 2014. Page 5 9A99A038 Some time earlier, the brand group had learned that there was a small brand called Pantene that PG had acquired from Richardson-Vicks. They now began to study it closely for its potential for reapplication in Taiwan. They learned that, in the United States, the brand had a â€Å"beauty through health† positioning, while in France the same product had â€Å"shine outside/strength inside† positioning. Qualitative research was designed and carried out on the three positioning concepts. The results showed that the â€Å"shine through health† positioning was perceived as more specific than the â€Å"beauty through health† positioning of the regular formula of the U.S. shampoo, and simpler than the â€Å"shine outside/strength inside† positioning of recently introduced French Pantene, which used an â€Å"Algrave† formula. We concluded that ‘shine through health’ positioning, combined with two-in-one technology, would provide a good mar ket entry point because the two-in-one technology was in the growth segment of our hair-care category. From this base, the marketing strategy for Pantene was built. In conjunction with the positioning decision, the determination was made that the Pantene introduction would be for the shampoo only. There were several reasons underlying this decision. The most important was the continuing growth of the two-in-one market and the belief in the need for PG to capitalize on its current product technology superiority over its competitors. â€Å"As competitive technology catches up with us,† said Mr. Lee, â€Å"performance advantages will be reduced. The name of the game will then be back to who has the better positioning and marketing — and who got there first with it! † The second reason was that the conditioner market was small relative to the shampoo market, and that a market entry with both products would blur the focus the firm wanted to put on the two-in-one market. Finally, the conditioner could be used as the lead product in a treatment line introduction for which planning was just starting. THE STRATEGY FOR THE PANTENE INTRODUCTION Brand Name: â€Å"Pantene Pro-V† in English; â€Å"Pan-Ting Pro-V† in Chinese Target Audience: Women, aged 18 to 35, who care most about the health of their hair. Positioning: Shine through health Product †¢ Full-strength â€Å"Algrave† formula with Provitamin B5 (Panthenol), in ivory colour. Perfume is â€Å"X2Y. † The â€Å"Algrave† formula had been a success in a number of countries in the Far East. This success was attributed to the fact that Oriental hair is coarser than Caucasian hair and needs more conditioning effect. Further, product testing in Italy had confirmed the better acceptance in that country of the full-strength â€Å"Algrave† formula versus a diluted â€Å"Algrave† used in some other European countries. The Concept Usage test had confirmed that the â€Å"X2Y† fragrance at . 45 per cent had strong acceptance by local consumers. †¢ Four versions: normal, oily, dry, permed This document is authorized for use only in GMBASG/Brand Management by Prof. Vivek Bali at SP Jain School of Global Management from February 2014 to June 2014. This decision was based on a 1989 Versioning study. Packaging †¢ Shape as shown in Exhibit 4. †¢ Colours in pearlescent pastel shades similar to the U. S. Pantene colour scheme: ivory for the oily version, yellow for normal, pink for dry, and lavender for permed. †¢ Graphics modelled after the U. S. Pantene pack and shown in Exhibit 4 as well. These decisions followed â€Å"Package Show† tests in Taiwan and Japan (see Exhibit 5) that confirmed that Taiwan graphics were â€Å"right† for the Far East and rated significantly higher than the latest Euro-Pantene design. Sizing: Two sizes; 200 millilitres, 400 millilitres Pert currently was offered in three sizes: 200 millilitres, 400 millilitres, and a 750 millilitre Pump. The two smaller sizes accounted for 90 per cent of the volume. Pricing: Eight per cent premium over Pert Concept Usage test data are in Exhibit 6. The data were collected in the context that the Taiwanese respondents were asked to respond to the questions after being provided with price information showing the retail price of Pantene to be 14 per cent higher than the (current market) price for Pert. The 14 per cent was very similar to the product manufacturing cost differences between Pantene and Pert. Purchase intent among Pert non-users was almost triple after using the product (19 per cent versus seven per cent), while comparable figures for Pert users were (13 per cent versus 12 per cent). Based on the CU test data, the projections were made that: †¢ the brand would generate 275,000 litres in Year 1 (excluding 25,000 litres in pipeline volume) and 665,000 litres in ongoing volume, which represented a three per cent and six per cent share, respectively; and †¢ the cannibalization of Pert would be only five per cent. The final decision was to set the Pantene retail price at an eight per cent premium to Pert, and equal to a planned Head Shoulders two-in-one product. This price represented a 30-plus per cent premium on Kao Sifone on a per millilitre basis, and an 18-plus per cent premium on a per bottle basis (see Exhibit 7). Advertising †¢ Creative: Focus on the â€Å"shiny hair through health† benefit. Use Taiwanese celebrities to get higher awareness. This document is authorized for use only in GMBASG/Brand Management by Prof. Vivek Bali at SP Jain School of Global Management from February 2014 to June 2014. Page 7 The concept was that â€Å"Pantene is a combined shampoo/conditioner containing Provitamin B-5 which penetrates the hair to fortify it. † Visualization of â€Å"two-in-one† was used to position Pantene in the growing two-in-one segment. Two 30-second commercials were created. The tone of these commercials was elegant, self-confident, aspirational and personal. Focus group tests of the advertising showed that consumers liked it because it clearly communicated the strategic benefit of shine-through-health. The visual transformation of the hair in the commercials communicated improving health of hair. The use of consumer language — like someone sharing personal experience instead of manufacturer talk — without demos enhanced the credibility of this copy. †¢ Media: a three-month media heavy-up with an estimated share of voice2 of 15 per cent, or 300 average four-week GRPs3 (80R/3. 8F) to achieve at least 60 per cent awareness after three months of advertising. These decisions and projections were in line with the introductory media level of Kao Sifone, which built 67 per cent awareness in three months. Year 1 media spending was budgeted at US$955,000. This translated into a projected share of voice consistent with the media spending of Pert in Year 1. †¢ Sampling: 2. 6 million 10 millilitre sachets4 in the first three months to reach 75 per cent of urban households (55 per cent of national households) to generate 25 per cent + trial. Sampling concentrated on door-to-door because face-to-face sampling at central locations is less efficient with high duplication in Taiwan. The budgeted cost was US$1 million. MARGINS The projected product costs for Pantene were 14 per cent higher than for Pert. Forty per cent of this increase was attributable to higher ingredient costs. The other 60 per cent constituted higher packaging costs brought about by the choice of pearlescent package colours and the decision to have a silver stripe engraved around the bottom of the package cap. The projected margin structure relative to Pert is shown in Exhibit 8. RESULTS Pantene Pro-V was launched in April 1990. It soon became apparent that the launch was a major success. The marketing plan had forecast a three per cent share of the market over the first year in the market. Six months after the introduction, the brand had already grown to almost twice that share. A post-six months Usage and Attitude Study showed that the media plan/copy plan had delivered brand awareness of 70 per cent and advertising awareness of 60 per cent. Cannibalization of Pert was limited, with Pert sales declining by only five per cent. Twenty-eight per cent of users who switched to Pantene stated that they did 2 Share of voice means PG advertising spending as a percentage of total category advertising for a given period of time. GRP is the abbreviated form of gross rating point. One gross rating point means that one per cent of the target population is expected to have media exposure. Gross rating points are measured over a time period, which is often a week. Further, they are composed of two parts. Reach, the â€Å"R† above, is the proportion of the target audience with an expected exposure of at least once. This number is divided into Total GRPs to give the average frequency, the â€Å"F† above, of expected media exposure. 4 A 10 millilitre sachet provided enough product to wash the hair twice. Research carried out in a number of countries had established that two hairwashings were sufficient to generate trial, whereas one was not. 3 This document is authorized for use only in GMBASG/Brand Management by Prof. Vivek Bali at SP Jain School of Global Management from February 2014 to June 2014. Page 8 9A99A038 so due to advertising. Twenty-six per cent of users switched to Pantene because of sampling. Further, the Usage and Attitude Study data indicated that respondents who had been sampled had five times the rate of trial and two times the rate of purchase of non-sampled respondents. This document is authorized for use only in GMBASG/Brand Management by Prof. Vivek Bali at SP Jain School of Global Management from February 2014 to June 2014. Page 9 9A99A038 Exhibit 1 TAIWAN POPULATION BY SEX AND AGE

Little Cloud By Joyce Essays - Television, A Little Cloud

Little Cloud By Joyce James Joyce wrote the story "A Little Cloud"; the story was published in 1905. "A Little Cloud" takes place in Dublin. Which is known to be a dirty town. Little Chandler is a thirty-two year old married man with one son who is not quite one year old in the story. He is called little Chandler because of his appearance. He is slightly under stature height, which is he, under one hundred and eighty-five centimeters. He has small white hands, childish teeth and good nail care. Little Chandler has a fragile frame, silken hair and mustache; he has a quiet voice and refined manners. Little Chandler is an abstinent man, meaning he is sparing in eating and drinking. Little Chandler blushes very easily at almost anything. He appears to have a pretty good life; he works at the Kings Inn at a desk. He likes to read poetry and someday would like to write it. Little Chandler has never been in a great deal of trouble before in his life. He often thinks about his friend Ignatius Gallaher while at work, and how he has become a brilliant man in the Press. Little Chandler often thinks of his life, which makes him sad. Little Chandler meets up with his friend for the first time in eight years at a bar and for the first time he notices that Gallaher is more vulgar then what he remembered him to be, the way he talked about things and expressed himself. Gallaher is a wild man who drinks freely; he has borrowed money from all sides and got into some trouble with money and had to leave town. Everyone of their friends admired Gallaher and no one doubted that he had talent. Gallaher always keeps a bold face. He has a heavy pale face, which he keeps shaven. He has an unhealthy pallor to him, he looks sick from fear or illness. Gallaher works for the Press and leads a vagrant life; he has no definite direction in his life, he is always wondering from place to place. Gallaher is a very vulgar man with no manners. He is not married and he only plans to marry into money, so he will be set for life. The two men in this story are not very much alike. Little Chandler is a much more decent guy then Gallaher, he had very good manners. Gallaher is more vulgar then Chandler. Chandler loses a bit of respect for Gallaher during their meeting at the bar. How Gallaher won't marry unless he marries into money. Little Chandler married because he loved the women he married. Little Chandler wants so much to write poetry and is always thinking about it, but I think that because he is married with a child he feels that he will have no time to do it. Maybe the truth is, is that he isn't a very good poetry writer himself and he isn't willing to take the blame so maybe he is blaming it on his family. When he was trying to read poetry while holding his child when his wife went to the store. The baby started crying and he found he wasn't able to read it anymore so he yelled at the child to quit crying which made the child cry more, then his wife came in and got angry with him. "Little Chandler felt his cheeks suffuse with shame and he stood back out of the lamplight. He listened while the paroxysm of the childs sobbing grew less and less; and tears of remorse started in his eyes." Maybe this statement means that Little Chandler knows that it isn't the childs fault for the way his life turned out. Little Chandler could have been living in a dream world about his poetry. Now Little Chandler realizes it and feels bad for what he has done to his child. The title of the story "A Little Cloud" could refer to Little Chandler. A little man living in a little cloud of a dream world. And he doesn't realize until later that he is living in a cloud world and has punished his family for it. The saying "that there was no doubt about it, if you wanted to succeed you had to go away. You could do nothing in Dublin" Little Chandler could have just believed it because everyone else believed it. So everything Little Chandler has done was worthless in his mind, but really he had succeeded; he

Brand Credibility, Brand Consideration, and Choice by Joffre Swait

Brand Credibility, Brand Consideration, and Choice by Joffre Swait Abstract The purpose of this essay is to review the article â€Å"Brand Credibility, Brand Consideration, and Choice† by Joffre Swait and Tulin Erdem. The article identifies the effects of brand credibility towards successful marketing. The authors have used an appropriate research design in order to get the best results.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on â€Å"Brand Credibility, Brand Consideration, and Choice† by Joffre Swait specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to the authors, trustworthiness is a powerful tool because it encourages many consumers to make positive purchasing decisions. New studies are critical towards exploring the benefits of effective marketing practices. Such dynamics can determine the success of every marketing strategy. The authors encourage future researchers to examine how consumers develop unique purchasing behaviors. This essay also supports our class text bec ause it offers the best insights to different learners. Critique The article â€Å"Brand Credibility, Brand Consideration, and Choice† examines a unique issue affecting many consumers and marketers. Brand credibility is associated with â€Å"expertise and trustworthiness† (Erdem Swait, 2004, p. 193). The article goes further to analyze how brand credibility affects the decisions made by different consumers. The scholars have organized their article in a professional manner thus making it meaningful. The issues discussed in the article are easy to understand. The researchers have offered the best representations and discussions. The researchers have included an abstract in this article. The literature review informs the reader about the targeted objectives and findings. This approach makes the article clear and worth reading. Quality research articles should always have appropriate study methodologies. It is agreeable that the authors used the best research methodology in order to get quality results. To begin with, the authors identified three hypotheses to guide their study. The researchers used a simple analysis method (SAM) to examine how brand clarity influences the decisions made by consumers. The authors â€Å"identified six product classes in order to get the best results† (Erdem Swait, 2004, p. 193). These product classes included â€Å"cellular telecommunications services, athletic shoes, juices, headache medications, personal computers, and hair shampoos† (Erdem Swait, 2004, p. 192).Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The researchers identified the best respondents before undertaking their study. This approach made it possible for the researchers to get the best results. The scholars also interpreted their results in a professional manner. This article is relevant because it supports our course content. According to our class readings, marketers should use the best advertising models in order to achieve their goals. According to Erdem and Swait (2004), every consumer purchases the best products in order to satisfy his or her needs. That being the case, advertisers and marketers should ensure their brands are admirable. Brand clarity also plays a major role towards the success of different products. It is agreeable that brand trustworthiness is capable of affecting the choices made by different consumers. Brand trustworthiness is critical because it determines the success (or failure) of a given product. Many researchers have also analyzed how brand clarity affects the success of various products. This article is worth reading because it equips advertisers with useful marketing ideas. Every marketer wants to get the best results. The ideas and concepts presented in this article will ensure every marketer realizes his or her potentials. This article also supports my marketi ng skills and experiences. Many consumers â€Å"will have to trust a specific brand before purchasing it† (Erdem Swait, 2004, p. 194). This fact explains why every marketer uses the concept of brand clarity to attract more customers. Brand credibility makes it easier â€Å"for consumers to purchase the best products in order to fulfill their needs† (Erdem Swait, 2004, p. 196). Brand credibility makes it easier for consumers to make good decisions. This practice encourages them to purchase the best products. The ideas and concepts presented in this article support the expectations of many marketers. This knowledge will make it possible for them to achieve their marketing objectives.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on â€Å"Brand Credibility, Brand Consideration, and Choice† by Joffre Swait specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The article’s premises and conclusions are useful to every marketer. According to Erdem and Swait (2004), trustworthiness is something meaningful because it affects the decisions made by different consumers. This concept encourages consumers to purchase their favorite commodities (Erdem Swait, 2004). According to the author, several factors influences the decisions made by different customers. Credibility effects â€Å"are also common in different product classes† (Erdem Swait, 2004, p. 194). These arguments are useful because they support our course frameworks. The article widens our skills and competencies towards achieving every marketing objective. The article encourages future researchers â€Å"to examine how Choice Dynamics (CDs) can affect the decisions made by consumers† (Erdem Swait, 2004, p. 197). This article by Erdem and Swait widens our understanding towards effective marketing. Our class text offers useful models that can make every marketer successful. The article is a useful source of marketing ideas and sk ills (Erdem Swait, 2004). The class materials encourage every learner to apply different marketing models. The class text fulfills the needs of every learner. Scholars should undertake more studies in order to formulate the best marketing strategies (Erdem Swait, 2004). This practice will ensure every advertiser achieves his or her business goals. The presented course frameworks will ensure every student benefits from this learning experience. Reference Erdem, T., Swait, J. (2004). Brand Credibility, Brand Consideration, and Choice. Journal of Consumer Research, 31(1), 191-198.

Johnny Carson Ancestry and Family Tree

Johnny Carson Ancestry and Family Tree John William Johnny Carson (October 23, 1925 Ââ€" January 23, 2005 was an American actor, comedian and writer best known for his tenure as host of The Tonight Show from 1962 until 1992. Born in Corning, Iowa to Homer Lee Kit Carson (no relation to the famous western hero) and Ruth Hook Carson, Johnny grew up with his parents, older sister, Catherine, and younger brother, Richard (Dick), in Nebraska. Johnny Carson married his college sweetheart Joan Wolcott on October 1, 1949. They had 3 sons. In 1963, Carson divorced Joan and married Joanne Copeland on August 17, 1963. After another divorce, he and former model Joanna Holland were married on September 30, 1972. This time, it was Holland who filed for a divorce in 1983. Johnny then married Alexis Maas on June 20, 1987, a marriage that survived happily until Carsons death in January 2005. Tips for Reading This Family Tree First Generation: 1. John William (Johnny) CARSON was born on 23 Oct 1925 in Corning, Iowa.1 He died of emphysema on 23 Jan 2005 in Malibu, California. Second Generation: 2. Homer Lee (Kit) CARSON2,3 was born on 4 Oct 1899 in Logan, Harrison Co., Iowa.4 He died on 9 Apr 1983 in Paradise Valley, Scottsdale, Arizona.5 Homer Lee (Kit) CARSON and Ruth HOOK were married in 1922.6 3. Ruth HOOK7 was born in Jul 1901 in Jackson Township, Taylor Co., Iowa.8 She died in 1985. Homer Lee (Kit) CARSON and Ruth HOOK had the following children: i. Catherine Jean CARSON was born in Dec 1923 in Hand Hospital, Shenandoah, Iowa.81  Ã‚  ii. John William (Johnny) CARSON.iii. Richard Charles (Dick) CARSON was born on 4 Jun 1929 in Clarinda, Page Co., Iowa.9 Third Generation: 4. Christopher N. (Kit) CARSON2,3,10,11 was born in Jan 1874 in Monona Co., Iowa. Christopher N. (Kit) CARSON and Ella B. HARDY were married on 28 Dec 1898 in Harrison Co., Iowa.12 5. Ella B. HARDY2,3,10,13 was born on 18 Nov 1876 in Magnolia, Jefferson Co., Iowa. She died on 20 Aug 1967. Christopher N. (Kit) CARSON and Ella B. HARDY had the following children: 2 i. Homer Lee (Kit) CARSON.ii. Charles E. CARSON3 was born about 1907 in Logan, Harrison Co., Iowa.iii. Raymond E. CARSON10 was born about 1913 in Logan, Harrison Co., Iowa.iv. Doris A. CARSON10 was born about 1918 in Logan, Harrison Co., Iowa. 6. George William HOOK14 was born on 27 Dec 1870 or 1871 in Lowry, St. Clair Co., Missouri.15 He died of a heart attack on 21 Dec 1947 in Bedford, Taylor Co., Iowa. He is buried in Fairview Bedford Cemetery, Taylor Co., Iowa. George William HOOK and Jessie BOYD were married on 19 Sep 1900.15-17 7. Jessie BOYD6 was born on 6 Jul 1876 in Taylor County, Iowa.16 She died of grief on 20 Jun 1911 in Bedford, Taylor Co., Iowa.16 She is buried in Fairview Bedford Cemetery, Taylor Co., Iowa. George William HOOK and Jessie BOYD had the following children: 3  Ã‚  i. Ruth HOOKii. John W. HOOK6 was born in 1904 in Bedford, Taylor County, Iowa.18 He died of peritonitis in May 1911 in Bedford, Taylor County, Iowa.19iii. Mary HOOK6 was born in Feb 1906 in Taylor County, Iowa.20,21iv. Florence HOOK6 was born in Feb 1910. She died in Feb 1910.22,23v. Jessie Boyd HOOK was born in Jun 1911.24 Fourth Generation: 8. Marshall CARSON11,25-28 was born on 14 Mar 1835 in Maine. He died on 21 May 1922 in Logan, Harrison County, Iowa. He is buried in Logan Cemetery, Harrison County, Iowa. Marshall CARSON and Emeline (Emma) KELLOGG were married on 17 Jul 1870 in Washington County, Nebraska. 9. Emeline (Emma) KELLOGG11,26-28 was born on 18 May 1847 in Fayette, Indiana. She died on 12 Feb 1922 in Harrison County, Iowa. She is buried in Logan Cemetery, Harrison County, Iowa. Marshall CARSON and Emeline (Emma) KELLOGG had the following children: 4  Ã‚  i. Christopher N. (Kit) CARSON.ii. Angie CARSON11 was born about 1875 in Nebraska.iii. Phebe CARSON11 was born about 1877 in Iowa.iv. Amilda CARSON11 was born about 1879 in Iowa.v. Ora CARSON26 was born in Jun 1881 in Harrison Co., Iowa.vi. Edgar M. CARSON26 was born in Feb 1882 in Harrison Co., Iowa.vii. Fred G. CARSON26-28 was born in Jul 1885 in Harrison County, Iowa. He died in 1923 in Harrison Co., Iowa.viii. Herbert E. CARSON26,27,29 was born in Dec 1890 in Harrison Co., Iowa. 10. Samuel Tomlinson HARDY10,13,30,31 was born on 1 May 1848 in Angola, Steuben Co., Indiana. He died on 21 Jul 1933 in at the home of his daughter, Mrs. C. N. Carson in Logan, Harrison Co., Iowa. Samuel Tomlinson HARDY and Viola Millicent VINCENT were married on 30 Jun 1872 in Iowa. 11. Viola Millicent VINCENT13,30,32 was born on 2 Apr 1855. She died on 3 May 1935 in Harrison Co., Iowa. Samuel Tomlinson HARDY and Viola Millicent VINCENT had the following children: i. Loyd HARDY13 was born about 1866 in Iowa.ii. Louis HARDY13 was born about 1870 in Iowa.5 iii. Ella B. HARDY.iv. Delaven H. HARDY13,30 was born in Aug 1879 in Iowa.30v. Bruce L. HARDY30 was born in Sep 1881 in Iowa.30vi. Gladys HARDY30 was born in Oct 1896 in Iowa.30

Roles of AdministratorsWK3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Roles of AdministratorsWK3 - Essay Example Staffing is one of the differentiators between both types of administrations, as private administrators can command their will freely in the staff management. Change management, on the other hand, is not easy to handle regarding policy shifts in public administration. Employees create a number of hurdles. The private sector uses the tools of profit and loss smartly to enhance performance. Coming to preferences, budget is very critical in public administration. There are procedural similarities, but cost planning is given higher importance in private management. Compare and Contrast the Roles of Administrators in the Public and Private Sectors Definition of Public Administration The core elements of public administration are policy management, resource management, and program management. These functions of public management are defined by the Interagency Study Committee on Policy Management Assistance. According to Mushkin’s Report, public management also includes personnel man agement, workforce planning, shared bargaining and union-management relations, appraisal of production and execution, organization, financial control, and examining study, program, and control audit. Regarding case studies, the public domain is in the learning stage only while analysis of case studies is one of the leading methods to manage functions in the private sector (Allison Jr., 2006). Similarities Between Public and Private Administration The general management functions, as summarized in the acronym POSDCORB, are similar: planning, organizing, staffing, directing, coordinating, reporting, and budgeting. All these functions are not necessarily connected and related (Allison Jr., 2006). Organizing and Staffing Organizing and staffing are integral functions to control internally. The manager creates structures and processes for shared functions. Staffing goes side by side by appointing the right individuals in the related job, both in public and private administration (Allison Jr., 2006). Directing Personnel and the Personnel Management System The strength of an organization, whether public or private, is reflected through the expertise and awareness of its workforce. It is the function of the personnel management system to recruit, finalize, train, reward, and punish the staff by showing the pink slip to a human resource. Such human resource functions, similar in both sectors, help an organization in achieving its aims by taking particular instructions from management (Allison Jr., 2006). Managing Performance Different management information systems such as operations and capital budgets, accounts, reports, and statistical systems, performance evaluation and product approximation help managers in both sectors in decision-making and in valuing growth in the realization of aims (Allison Jr., 2006). Differences Between Public and Private Administration Some labels could be similar in both public and private administration, but the meaning is different. Tal king about the differences in the internal segments of administration in the private sector, it is the topmost critical task of a chief executive officer to make a judicious selection of employees. Both private and public sector organizations can work remarkably when responsibilities are shouldered by right people (Allison Jr., 2006). The pathways of executives of both sectors in staffing are different. Private sector administrators can lock plants, shift leading managers, hire and fire at will. On the other hand, policy changes are